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Slide 6.20
The 'mainsail' is show here 'in the bunt' - hoisted up to the 'yard' in preparation for 'furling'.

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6.21 - Crossjack
1867
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Slide 6.21
The 'crossjack' or 'mizzen sail' is shown here with a 'harbour furl' or properly 'furled' (so that it looks good while the ship is in harbour and in front of the eyes of other sailors and people concerned with the business of the ship). This sail was rarely used as sea as it often 'blanketed' or prevented the wind of reaching the 'mainsail' which was one of the most important sail in driving the ship.

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6.22 - Main staysails
1867
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Slide 6.22
The two 'main staysails' can be see here set between the fore- and mainmasts. The 'stays' are the lines which support the mast from the front (as opposed to 'backstays') which support them from behind. 'Staysails' are attached to the 'stays' with 'hanks'.

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6.23 - Complex rigging
1867
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Slide 6.23
This view shows the complexity of rigging between the main- and mizzenmasts. 'Braces' which swing the 'yards' around are normally led 'aft' (backwards) however, since there is no where for the 'mizzen braces' to be attached 'abaft' that mast they have to be led forward to a 'block' and then led 'aft' so that the crew can haul the 'mizzen yards' around as required. This means that there are a lot more lines than between the fore- and mainmasts. This complexity of rigging means that it is difficult to set and control 'mizzen staysails' and so they are often omitted from ship portraits since they are not used as much as 'main staysails'.

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6.24 - Spanker
1867
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Slide 6.24.
The 'spanker' is the large rectangular 'fore-and-aft' sail set 'abaft' the 'mizzenmast'. The 'spanker' is attached to a 'gaff' at its 'head' and a 'boom' at its 'foot'. The 'forward' side is called the 'luff' and the 'after' side the 'leech'.

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6.25 - Ship 'Lillian L. Robbins'
1894
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Slide 6.25.
The ship 'Lillian L. Robbins', built of steel in Greenock, Scotland in 1892 for J. Y. Robbins, G. Sanderson and others of Yarmouth. This portrait was painted by a Chinese artist in Hong Kong in 1984. The Yarmouth County Archives owns the 'Diary of a Voyage' written by Evelyn E. Robbins, who at the age of about fifteen, accompanied his father, Captain E.E. Robbins, his mother and sister Emma on this voyage from New York to Hong Kong and return. Using this diary we can learn a lot from this painting.

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6.26 - Capt. Robbins and family
1894
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

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Slide 6.26.
The figures shown in this illustration are Captain & Mrs. Robbins with their daughter Emma and, in his shirtsleeves, young Evelyn Robbins, writer of the diary.

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6.27 - Sampan number 2411
1894
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia