1

Patrick Bernard at the Champlain Monument
1900s
Ottawa, ON


Credits:
Patrick Bernard
Jill Clouster

2

After initial European contact with Champlain in 1613 our “history” was documented by Europeans with various agendas of interference.

3

Champlain Astrolabe
1600s
Champlain Trail Museum, Pembroke, ON


Credits:
Champlain Trail Museum and Pioneer Village

4

Our oral tradition, beliefs and lifestyle that had served us well from time immemorial was rarely understood and so it was seldom acknowledged by them, and often treated with contempt.

5

Mrs. Ida Bernard at Champlain Monument
1900's
Ottawa, ON


Credits:
Jill Clouster

6

Groups of Omàmiwiniń along with the Nipissings, became allied with the French and Huron-Wendat in order to protect and take part in the fur trade. We controlled use of the Ottawa River by charging tolls for passage.